AP®︎ Statistics (pre-2026): Topic 2.7 Flashcards

Master key terms and definitions for Topic 2.7 of AP Statistics (pre-2026) – Residuals to help you prep for quizzes and the AP exam.

This course has been archived. The College Board updated AP Statistics for the 2026–27 school year, and the units and topics changed.
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Term

Positive And Negative Residuals

Definition

Positive means the model underestimated; negative means the model overestimated the actual response.

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Positive And Negative Residuals
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Positive means the model underestimated; negative means the model overestimated the actual response.

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Residual As Vertical Distance
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The vertical distance from a data point to the regression line on a scatterplot.

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Residual
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The difference between an observed response and its predicted value, found by y minus y-hat.

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Residual Plot
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A graph of residuals versus explanatory or predicted values used to assess model fit.

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Residual Plot Patterns
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Random scatter supports a linear model, while curved patterns suggest a nonlinear relationship.

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