AP®︎ Statistics (pre-2026): Topic 4.7 Flashcards

Master key terms and definitions for Topic 4.7 of AP Statistics (pre-2026) – Introduction to Random Variables and Probability Distributions to help you prep for quizzes and the AP exam.

This course has been archived. The College Board updated AP Statistics for the 2026–27 school year, and the units and topics changed.
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Term

Random Variable

Definition

A numerical outcome whose value depends on the result of a chance process.

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Random Variable
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A numerical outcome whose value depends on the result of a chance process.

VAR-5.AVAR-5.A.1
Discrete vs. Continuous Random Variables
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Discrete has countable values; continuous can take any value in an interval.

VAR-5.AVAR-5.A.2
Discrete Probability Distribution Requirements
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Probabilities are between 0 and 1, and all probabilities add to 1.

VAR-5.AVAR-5.A.2
Cumulative Probability Distribution
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A table or function giving the probability that the variable is less than or equal to each value.

VAR-5.AVAR-5.A.4
Probability Notation for Random Variables
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Use expressions like P(X = n) or P(X ≤ n) to name event probabilities.

VAR-5.A
Probability Distribution
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A table, graph, or function showing each possible value and its probability.

VAR-5.AVAR-5.A.3
Finding Probabilities from a Discrete Distribution
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Add probabilities for all values that satisfy the condition, including endpoints when stated.

VAR-5.A
Interpreting a Probability Distribution
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Describe the distribution’s shape, center, and spread in context of the population.

VAR-5.BVAR-5.B.1