AP®︎ Statistics (pre-2026): Topic 6.5 Flashcards

Master key terms and definitions for Topic 6.5 of AP Statistics (pre-2026) – Interpreting p-Values to help you prep for quizzes and the AP exam.

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Term

p-Value

Definition

The probability, assuming the null is true, of getting a result as extreme or more extreme.

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p-Value
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The probability, assuming the null is true, of getting a result as extreme or more extreme.

DAT-3.ADAT-3.A.2
Null Distribution
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The distribution of possible test statistic values when the null hypothesis is assumed true.

VAR-6.GVAR-6.G.1
Randomization Distribution vs. Theoretical Distribution
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A simulated null distribution from repeated randomization versus a model-based z distribution under stated assumptions.

VAR-6.GVAR-6.G.1
One-Sample z-Test for a Population Proportion
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A significance test using a z statistic to compare a sample proportion to a hypothesized population proportion.

VAR-6.G
General Test Statistic Form
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Observed statistic minus null parameter value, divided by the statistic's standard deviation under the null.

VAR-6.GVAR-6.G.2
Tail Direction and p-Value
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Use right-tail area for >, left-tail area for <, and both tails beyond |z| for ≠.

DAT-3.ADAT-3.A.1
Assumption Behind a p-Value
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It is computed under the assumption that the null hypothesis and probability model are true.

DAT-3.ADAT-3.A.2
z-Statistic for a Population Proportion
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The standardized difference between p-hat and p0 using sqrt(p0(1-p0)/n).

VAR-6.GVAR-6.G.3
Interpreting p-Value Size
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Small values give strong evidence against the null; large values give weak evidence.

DAT-3.A
Significance Level and Decision Rule
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Reject H0 when the p-value is at most alpha; then the result is statistically significant.

DAT-3.A