AP®︎ Statistics (pre-2026): Topic 8.2 Flashcards

Master key terms and definitions for Topic 8.2 of AP Statistics (pre-2026) – Setting Up a Chi-Square Goodness of Fit Test to help you prep for quizzes and the AP exam.

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Term

Chi-Square Goodness-of-Fit Test

Definition

A test for whether one categorical variable matches a claimed distribution of proportions.

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Chi-Square Goodness-of-Fit Test
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A test for whether one categorical variable matches a claimed distribution of proportions.

VAR-8.CVAR-8.C.1
Chi-Square Statistic
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The sum of squared observed-minus-expected differences divided by expected counts across all categories.

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Degrees of Freedom for Goodness of Fit
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The number of categories minus 1, which determines the specific chi-square distribution used.

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Null and Alternative Hypotheses for Goodness of Fit
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Null: all category proportions equal stated values; alternative: at least one true proportion differs.

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Distribution of Proportions for One Categorical Variable
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The set of population proportions across all categories of a single categorical variable.

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Independence Condition for Goodness of Fit
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Use a random sample or randomized experiment, and if sampling without replacement, require n over N at most 0.10.

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Large Counts Condition for Goodness of Fit
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All expected counts should be at least 5 for the chi-square approximation to be reliable.

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Parameter in a Goodness-of-Fit Test
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The true population proportion for each category of the categorical variable being studied.

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Expected Count
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The predicted category count under the null hypothesis, found by multiplying n by p.

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Chi-Square Distribution
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A right-skewed distribution of positive values that becomes less skewed as degrees of freedom increase.

VAR-8.AVAR-8.A.1
Observed Count
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The actual number of observations recorded in a category from the sample.

VAR-8.AVAR-8.A.1