AP®︎ Statistics (pre-2026): Topic 2.1 Flashcards

Master key terms and definitions for Topic 2.1 of AP Statistics (pre-2026) – Introducing Statistics: Are Variables Related? to help you prep for quizzes and the AP exam.

This course has been archived. The College Board updated AP Statistics for the 2026–27 school year, and the units and topics changed.
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Term

Categorical and Quantitative Variables

Definition

Categorical variables place individuals into groups; quantitative variables record numerical amounts or measurements.

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Categorical and Quantitative Variables
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Categorical variables place individuals into groups; quantitative variables record numerical amounts or measurements.

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Two-Way Table
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A table that displays counts or proportions for combinations of two categorical variables.

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Segmented Bar Chart and Mosaic Plot
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Graphs for two categorical variables that compare conditional proportions across groups.

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Scatterplot
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A graph of paired quantitative data points showing one variable on each axis.

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Apparent Pattern
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A visible trend or structure in data that may reflect a real relationship or random variation.

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Random Variation
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Natural chance-based differences in data that can create misleading patterns.

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Bivariate Data
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Data on two variables for each individual, which may be categorical or quantitative.

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Association
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A relationship between variables that can be positive, negative, or absent.

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Conditional Relative Frequency
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A proportion describing one variable within a specific category of another variable.

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