AP®︎ Statistics (pre-2026): Topic 1.4 Flashcards

Master key terms and definitions for Topic 1.4 of AP Statistics (pre-2026) – Representing a Categorical Variable with Graphs to help you prep for quizzes and the AP exam.

This course has been archived. The College Board updated AP Statistics for the 2026–27 school year, and the units and topics changed.
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Term

Contingency Table / Two-Way Table

Definition

Organizes counts for two categorical variables in rows and columns, usually with marginal totals.

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Contingency Table / Two-Way Table
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Organizes counts for two categorical variables in rows and columns, usually with marginal totals.

UNC-1.EUNC-1.E.1
Comparing Multiple Sets of Categorical Data
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Use tables or graphs to compare counts or proportions for the same categories across groups.

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Frequency, Relative Frequency, and Their Tables
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Counts and proportions for each category can be organized in tables to summarize categorical data.

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Bar Graph / Bar Chart
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Uses separated equal-width bars to show and compare category counts or relative frequencies.

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Bar Graphs vs. Pie Charts
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Bar graphs compare categories clearly, while pie charts show each category's proportion of the whole.

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Misleading Categorical Graphs
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Categorical graphs can mislead through truncated axes, distorted areas, poor scaling, or cluttered categories.

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