AP®︎ Statistics (pre-2026): Topic 8.7 Flashcards

Master key terms and definitions for Topic 8.7 of AP Statistics (pre-2026) – Skills Focus: Selecting an Appropriate Inference Procedure for Categorical Data to help you prep for quizzes and the AP exam.

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Term

Chi-Square Goodness of Fit Test

Definition

Tests whether one sample's categorical distribution matches a stated or theoretical distribution.

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Chi-Square Goodness of Fit Test
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Tests whether one sample's categorical distribution matches a stated or theoretical distribution.

Topic 8.7: Skills Focus: Selecting an Appropriate Inference Procedure for Categorical Data
Chi-Square Test for Independence
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Tests whether two categorical variables are associated in one population from one sample.

Topic 8.7: Skills Focus: Selecting an Appropriate Inference Procedure for Categorical Data
Chi-Square Test for Homogeneity
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Tests whether categorical distributions are the same across two or more populations or treatments.

Topic 8.7: Skills Focus: Selecting an Appropriate Inference Procedure for Categorical Data
One-Way Table vs. Two-Way Table
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One-way tables summarize one categorical variable; two-way tables summarize two categorical variables together.

Topic 8.7: Skills Focus: Selecting an Appropriate Inference Procedure for Categorical Data
Hypotheses for Chi-Square Tests
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Null states no difference or no association; alternative states a difference in distributions or an association.

Topic 8.7: Skills Focus: Selecting an Appropriate Inference Procedure for Categorical Data
Z Procedures vs. Chi-Square Procedures
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Use z procedures for two-category proportions and chi-square procedures for variables with multiple categories.

Topic 8.7: Skills Focus: Selecting an Appropriate Inference Procedure for Categorical Data
Choosing Among Chi-Square Tests
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Use goodness of fit for one sample and one variable, independence for one sample and two variables, and homogeneity for multiple samples and one variable.

Topic 8.7: Skills Focus: Selecting an Appropriate Inference Procedure for Categorical Data
Null Hypothesis for Goodness of Fit
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States that one population distribution matches a stated or theoretical categorical distribution.

Topic 8.7: Skills Focus: Selecting an Appropriate Inference Procedure for Categorical Data
Null Hypothesis for Homogeneity
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States that multiple populations share the same distribution of a categorical variable.

Topic 8.7: Skills Focus: Selecting an Appropriate Inference Procedure for Categorical Data
Null Hypothesis for Independence
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States that two categorical variables are not associated in the population.

Topic 8.7: Skills Focus: Selecting an Appropriate Inference Procedure for Categorical Data