AP®︎ Statistics (pre-2026): Topic 3.5 Flashcards

Master key terms and definitions for Topic 3.5 of AP Statistics (pre-2026) – Introduction to Experimental Design to help you prep for quizzes and the AP exam.

This course has been archived. The College Board updated AP Statistics for the 2026–27 school year, and the units and topics changed.
Go to the new AP® Statistics
0%
13 cards total
13 not started
0 learning
0 almost done
0 mastered
Term

Experiment

Definition

A study that imposes treatments on units to measure resulting responses.

1 / 13
Experiment
Not Started

A study that imposes treatments on units to measure resulting responses.

VAR-3.A
Experimental Units / Subjects / Participants
Not Started

Individuals or objects assigned to treatments in an experiment; people are called subjects or participants.

VAR-3.AVAR-3.A.1
Explanatory Variable / Factor and Treatments
Not Started

The manipulated variable in an experiment; its levels or level combinations are the treatments.

VAR-3.AVAR-3.A.2
Response Variable
Not Started

The outcome measured on experimental units after treatments are applied.

VAR-3.AVAR-3.A.3
Confounding Variable
Not Started

A variable related to the treatment that also affects the response, obscuring the true effect.

VAR-3.AVAR-3.A.4
Control Group
Not Started

Units receiving no treatment of interest or an inactive treatment for baseline comparison.

VAR-3.CVAR-3.C.5
Placebo and Placebo Effect
Not Started

An inactive treatment; the resulting response to it is the placebo effect.

VAR-3.CVAR-3.C.6
Single-Blind vs. Double-Blind Experiment
Not Started

Single-blind: subjects or evaluators unaware; double-blind: neither subjects nor interacting evaluators aware.

VAR-3.C
Completely Randomized Design
Not Started

A design that assigns treatments to all experimental units entirely by chance.

VAR-3.CVAR-3.C.1
Methods of Random Assignment
Not Started

Use a random number generator, random digits table, or drawing chips without replacement.

VAR-3.CVAR-3.C.2
Matched Pairs Design
Not Started

A block design using pairs or repeated measurements so each pair or subject gets both treatments.

VAR-3.CVAR-3.C.9
Principles of a Well-Designed Experiment
Not Started

Uses comparison, random assignment, replication, and control to reduce bias and confounding.

VAR-3.BVAR-3.B.1
Randomized Complete Block Design and Blocking
Not Started

Groups similar units into blocks, then randomly assigns treatments within each block.

VAR-3.C