AP®︎ Statistics (pre-2026): Topic 8.6 Flashcards

Master key terms and definitions for Topic 8.6 of AP Statistics (pre-2026) – Carrying Out a Chi-Square Test for Homogeneity or Independence to help you prep for quizzes and the AP exam.

This course has been archived. The College Board updated AP Statistics for the 2026–27 school year, and the units and topics changed.
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Term

Chi-Square Statistic for Homogeneity or Independence

Definition

Sum (Observed minus Expected) squared divided by Expected over all table cells.

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Chi-Square Statistic for Homogeneity or Independence
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Sum (Observed minus Expected) squared divided by Expected over all table cells.

VAR-8.LVAR-8.L.1
Degrees of Freedom for a Two-Way Table
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Calculated as (number of rows minus 1)(number of columns minus 1).

VAR-8.LVAR-8.L.1
Observed Counts and Expected Counts
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Observed counts come from data; expected counts are counts predicted if the null hypothesis is true.

VAR-8.L
Finding a Chi-Square P-Value
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Use the chi-square distribution with the correct degrees of freedom in a table or technology.

VAR-8.MVAR-8.M.1
Decision Rule Using Alpha
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Reject the null if p-value is less than alpha; otherwise fail to reject it.

DAT-3.LDAT-3.L.1
Conclusion for a Chi-Square Test of Independence vs Homogeneity
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Independence: evidence of association; homogeneity: evidence distributions differ across populations.

DAT-3.LDAT-3.L.2
Contextual Conclusion in a Chi-Square Test
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State the decision and evidence in terms of the variables or populations studied.

DAT-3.LDAT-3.L.2
Do Not Accept the Null Hypothesis
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A non-significant result means fail to reject the null, not prove it true.

DAT-3.LDAT-3.L.1
Chi-Square P-Value
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The probability, assuming the null is true, of a chi-square value at least as large observed.

DAT-3.KDAT-3.K.1