AP®︎ Statistics (pre-2026): Topic 2.4 Flashcards

Master key terms and definitions for Topic 2.4 of AP Statistics (pre-2026) – Representing the Relationship Between Two Quantitative Variables to help you prep for quizzes and the AP exam.

This course has been archived. The College Board updated AP Statistics for the 2026–27 school year, and the units and topics changed.
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Term

Bivariate Quantitative Data

Definition

Data consisting of paired numerical measurements for two variables on each individual.

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Bivariate Quantitative Data
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Data consisting of paired numerical measurements for two variables on each individual.

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Scatterplot
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A graph of paired quantitative data with one variable on each axis.

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Axes in a Scatterplot
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The explanatory variable goes on the horizontal axis and the response variable on the vertical axis.

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Describing a Scatterplot
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Describe association by form, direction, strength, and unusual features, in context.

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Form of a Scatterplot
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The overall shape of the association, usually linear or nonlinear.

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Direction of Association
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The overall trend of the points, described as positive or negative.

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Strength of Association
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How closely the points follow the overall pattern, such as strong, moderate, or weak.

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Unusual Features in a Scatterplot
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Patterns that stand out, especially clusters or points far from the overall pattern.

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Cluster
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A group of nearby points that may suggest a subgroup within the data.

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Outlier in a Scatterplot
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A point with a response value far from what the overall pattern would predict.

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Explanatory Variable and Response Variable
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The x-variable explains or predicts, and the y-variable records the resulting outcome.

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Positive and Negative Association
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An increasing pattern is positive, while a decreasing pattern is negative.

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Linear and Nonlinear Association
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A straight-line pattern is linear, while a curved pattern is nonlinear.

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