AP®︎ Statistics (pre-2026): Topic 5.6 Flashcards

Master key terms and definitions for Topic 5.6 of AP Statistics (pre-2026) – Sampling Distributions for Differences in Sample Proportions to help you prep for quizzes and the AP exam.

This course has been archived. The College Board updated AP Statistics for the 2026–27 school year, and the units and topics changed.
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Term

Sampling Distribution of p̂1 - p̂2

Definition

The distribution of possible differences between two sample proportions from repeated independent samples.

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Sampling Distribution of p̂1 - p̂2
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The distribution of possible differences between two sample proportions from repeated independent samples.

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Mean and Standard Deviation of p̂1 - p̂2
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Mean is p1 - p2; standard deviation is √[p1(1-p1)/n1 + p2(1-p2)/n2].

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Independent Populations
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Two groups whose samples are selected so one sample's outcomes do not affect the other's.

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With Replacement vs. Without Replacement for p̂1 - p̂2
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With replacement uses the standard formula; without replacement gives a slightly smaller standard deviation.

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10% Condition for Differences in Proportions
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If each sample is less than 10% of its population, ignoring replacement has negligible effect.

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Interpreting Parameters in Context for p̂1 - p̂2
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Describe center and spread as differences in population proportions using the problem's groups and units.

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Large Counts Condition and Approximate Normality for p̂1 - p̂2
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The distribution is approximately normal when all four expected counts are at least 10.

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