AP®︎ Statistics (pre-2026): Topic 2.2 Flashcards

Master key terms and definitions for Topic 2.2 of AP Statistics (pre-2026) – Representing Two Categorical Variables to help you prep for quizzes and the AP exam.

This course has been archived. The College Board updated AP Statistics for the 2026–27 school year, and the units and topics changed.
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Term

Two-Way Table / Contingency Table

Definition

A table of counts or relative frequencies for all combinations of two categorical variables.

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Two-Way Table / Contingency Table
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A table of counts or relative frequencies for all combinations of two categorical variables.

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Joint Relative Frequency
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A cell count divided by the total number of observations in the entire table.

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Frequency Counts vs. Relative Frequencies in a Two-Way Table
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Counts show numbers in each cell; relative frequencies show proportions or percents instead.

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Side-by-Side Bar Graph
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Bars for one categorical variable are grouped by categories of a second variable for comparison.

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Segmented Bar Graph
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Each bar represents one group and is divided into segments showing category proportions within that group.

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Mosaic Plot
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A graph of rectangles whose areas represent joint relative frequencies for two categorical variables.

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Association vs. No Association
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Variables are associated if conditional distributions differ across groups and not associated if they match.

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Comparing Distributions and Detecting Association
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Compare conditional proportions across groups to judge whether two categorical variables are associated.

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Conditional Relative Frequency
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A proportion within one row or column showing a category's share of that group.

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