AP®︎ Statistics (pre-2026): Topic 1.7 Flashcards

Master key terms and definitions for Topic 1.7 of AP Statistics (pre-2026) – Summary Statistics for a Quantitative Variable to help you prep for quizzes and the AP exam.

This course has been archived. The College Board updated AP Statistics for the 2026–27 school year, and the units and topics changed.
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Term

Statistic vs. Parameter

Definition

A statistic summarizes sample data, while a parameter summarizes an entire population.

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Statistic vs. Parameter
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A statistic summarizes sample data, while a parameter summarizes an entire population.

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Mean
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The sum of all data values divided by the number of values, x̄ = Σx/n.

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Median
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The middle value in ordered data; for even n, usually the average of the two middle values.

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Quartiles and Interquartile Boundaries
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Q1 is the median of the lower half, Q3 of the upper half; together they bound the middle 50%.

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Percentile
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The value with p percent of the data less than or equal to it.

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Range
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The difference between the maximum and minimum values in a data set.

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Interquartile Range (IQR)
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The difference between the third and first quartiles, Q3 - Q1.

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Standard Deviation and Variance
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Standard deviation measures typical distance from the mean; its square, s², is the sample variance.

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Effect of Changing Units on Summary Statistics
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Adding or subtracting a constant shifts center measures; multiplying or dividing rescales both center and spread.

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Choosing Mean and Standard Deviation vs. Median and IQR
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Use mean and standard deviation for roughly symmetric data; use median and IQR for skewed data or outliers.

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Outlier Rules
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Possible outliers are values below Q1 - 1.5IQR or above Q3 + 1.5IQR, or at least 2 standard deviations from the mean.

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Resistant vs. Nonresistant Measures
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Median and IQR resist outliers; mean, standard deviation, and range are strongly affected by them.

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