AP®︎ Statistics (pre-2026): Topic 1.6 Flashcards

Master key terms and definitions for Topic 1.6 of AP Statistics (pre-2026) – Describing the Distribution of a Quantitative Variable to help you prep for quizzes and the AP exam.

This course has been archived. The College Board updated AP Statistics for the 2026–27 school year, and the units and topics changed.
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Term

Describing a Quantitative Distribution

Definition

Describe it by shape, center, spread, and unusual features like outliers, gaps, or clusters.

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Describing a Quantitative Distribution
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Describe it by shape, center, spread, and unusual features like outliers, gaps, or clusters.

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Symmetric Distribution
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The left and right sides are approximately mirror images around the center.

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Skewed Right / Positive Skew and Skewed Left / Negative Skew
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Right-skewed has a longer right tail; left-skewed has a longer left tail.

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Modes, Unimodal, Bimodal, and Approximately Uniform
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One peak is unimodal, two prominent peaks are bimodal, and similar bar heights are approximately uniform.

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Outlier
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A value unusually small or large compared with the rest of the data.

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Gap
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A region between data values where no observations occur.

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Cluster
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A concentration of data values, often separated from others by gaps.

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Mean, Median, and Mode as Measures of Center
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Mean is the average, median is the middle ordered value, and mode is the most frequent value.

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Range, Standard Deviation, and Interquartile Range as Measures of Spread
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Range is max minus min, standard deviation measures typical distance from the mean, and IQR is Q3 minus Q1.

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Mean and Standard Deviation vs. Median and IQR
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Use mean with standard deviation for roughly symmetric data; use median with IQR for skewed data or outliers.

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Descriptive Statistics
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Numerical and graphical summaries that describe observed data without generalizing to a population.

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