AP®︎ Statistics (pre-2026): Topic 6.7 Flashcards

Master key terms and definitions for Topic 6.7 of AP Statistics (pre-2026) – Potential Errors When Performing Tests to help you prep for quizzes and the AP exam.

This course has been archived. The College Board updated AP Statistics for the 2026–27 school year, and the units and topics changed.
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Term

Type I Error / False Positive

Definition

Rejecting a true null hypothesis.

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Type I Error / False Positive
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Rejecting a true null hypothesis.

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Type II Error / False Negative
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Failing to reject a false null hypothesis.

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Significance Level (α)
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The probability of a Type I error when the null hypothesis is true.

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Beta (β)
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The probability of a Type II error when the null hypothesis is false.

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Power of a Test
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The probability of correctly rejecting a false null hypothesis.

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Power and Type II Error Relationship
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Power = 1 - β, so increasing one decreases the other.

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Decision-Truth Table for Hypothesis Test Errors
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Reject H0 when true: Type I; fail to reject H0 when false: Type II; other outcomes are correct.

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Factors That Decrease Type II Error
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Larger samples, larger α, smaller standard error, or a true parameter farther from null.

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Error Consequences and Choice of α
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Choose α based on which mistake is more serious, since α controls Type I error risk.

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