AP®︎ Statistics (pre-2026): Topic 4.1 Flashcards

Master key terms and definitions for Topic 4.1 of AP Statistics (pre-2026) – Introducing Statistics: Random and Non-Random Patterns? to help you prep for quizzes and the AP exam.

This course has been archived. The College Board updated AP Statistics for the 2026–27 school year, and the units and topics changed.
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Term

Patterns in Data Do Not Necessarily Mean Non-Randomness

Definition

An apparent trend or difference can occur by chance and does not alone prove a real effect.

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Patterns in Data Do Not Necessarily Mean Non-Randomness
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An apparent trend or difference can occur by chance and does not alone prove a real effect.

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Questions Suggested By Patterns In Data
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Possible follow-up questions about whether an observed relationship is due to chance or a systematic cause.

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Random Variation
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Differences in data caused by chance alone, without a systematic pattern or cause.

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Systematic Variation
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Differences in data caused by a consistent influence rather than chance alone.

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Random Error vs. Systematic Error
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Unpredictable error causes scatter, while consistent error pushes results in a particular direction.

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