AP®︎ Human Geography: Topic 5.3 Flashcards

Multigenerational human control of reproduction and selection that changes the traits and geographic distribution of plants or animals

The separate development of domestication by communities in multiple regions rather than its spread from one universal birthplace

The gradual transition beginning about 12,000–10,000 years ago from hunting and gathering toward agriculture based on domesticated plants and animals

A source region where plants or animals were first domesticated or agricultural practices originated and then diffused outward

Southwest Asian agricultural hearth where wheat, barley, lentils, peas, sheep, goats, cattle, and pigs were domesticated

South Asian hearth associated with cotton, sesame, mung beans, and zebu cattle, while wheat and barley arrived from Southwest Asia

Northern Chinese hearth associated with the domestication of drought- and cool-tolerant millet

Central and southern Chinese hearth associated with the early domestication of rice in warmer, wetter environments

Tropical hearth associated with vegetatively reproduced crops such as taro, yams, bananas, and sugarcane; chickens originated in South and Southeast Asia

Reproducing a plant from a root, cutting, tuber, or shoot instead of planting a seed

African domestication zones associated with sorghum, pearl millet, African rice, yams, oil palm, cowpeas, teff, and coffee

Independent hearth in central and southern Mexico and northern Central America associated with maize, beans, squash, chili peppers, avocados, cacao, and turkeys

Mesoamerican intercropping of maize, beans, and squash, which respectively provide support, soil nitrogen, and ground cover

Western South American highland hearth associated with potatoes, quinoa, beans, llamas, alpacas, and guinea pigs

A major transformation in agricultural methods and productivity that diffuses unevenly over time rather than occurring instantaneously everywhere

The bidirectional transfer after 1492 of plants, animals, people, diseases, and technologies between the Americas and the Eastern Hemisphere