AP®︎ Human Geography: Topic 7.5 Flashcards

A linear model in which countries develop through five stages as investment, technology, industrialization, productivity, and consumption increase

An economy dominated by subsistence agriculture, primary-sector work, limited technology, low productivity, and little infrastructure

Investment, infrastructure, institutions, agricultural surpluses, and emerging industries prepare an economy for sustained industrial growth

Rapid, self-sustaining industrialization in which expanding industries stimulate broader investment, urbanization, and structural change

Industrialization diversifies, technology and skilled labor expand, productivity rises, and the economy produces a broad range of goods and services

A diversified, high-productivity economy characterized by extensive service employment, high incomes, and mass demand for consumer goods and services

A theory that explains uneven development through a capitalist world economy divided into unequal core, semi-periphery, and periphery positions

The powerful world-system position specializing in high-value production, finance, technology, management, and advanced services

The intermediate world-system position that is influenced by the core while exercising economic influence over peripheral areas

The less powerful world-system position commonly supplying raw materials, low-wage labor, or low-value goods under relatively unfavorable terms

The spatial organization of the world economy in which places perform different production roles, from resource extraction to high-value finance and technology

An exchange in which powerful locations retain more value and profit by controlling high-value stages while less powerful locations supply labor or raw materials

A theory that unequal reliance on wealthier countries, foreign firms, markets, capital, and technology can transfer wealth outward and reproduce underdevelopment

Indirect economic or political control by foreign governments, firms, or lenders after formal colonial rule has ended

Heavy reliance on exporting a small number of primary commodities, making an economy vulnerable to volatile prices and a narrow revenue base

An export-oriented mine, plantation, or oil field strongly linked to foreign markets but weakly connected to the rest of the national economy