AP®︎ Human Geography: Topic 7.2 Flashcards

Economic activities that obtain raw materials directly from nature, such as agriculture, fishing, forestry, mining, and extraction

Economic activities that transform raw materials into usable products through manufacturing, processing, construction, or energy generation

Economic activities that provide services rather than extracting raw materials or manufacturing goods

Economic activities centered on creating, processing, managing, and communicating specialized information and knowledge

The highest levels of leadership, policy formation, and decision-making that direct major organizations or institutions

A region with extensive capital, infrastructure, skilled labor, advanced technology, large markets, and strong control over investment and production

An industrializing region with substantial manufacturing and infrastructure but less global economic control than the core

A region with limited industrial capacity, weaker infrastructure, and less economic control that often specializes in primary commodities or labor-intensive production

An industry that locates near raw materials because they are fixed, bulky, heavy, perishable, or costly to transport

An industry whose finished product weighs less or occupies less volume than its inputs, favoring locations near raw materials

An industry that locates near customers because its finished goods are perishable, fragile, costly to transport, or responsive to local demand

An industry whose finished product gains weight or volume during production, favoring locations near its market

An industry in which worker compensation accounts for a relatively large share of production costs

An industry whose location is strongly influenced by the cost, availability, productivity, or specialized skills of workers

A location where cargo is transferred from one mode of transportation to another

The use of standardized shipping containers that transfer among ships, trains, and trucks without unloading the individual goods inside

The movement of the same cargo unit by multiple transportation modes, such as ship, rail, and truck

The clustering of related firms to share suppliers, infrastructure, transportation, specialized labor, services, and information

An industry with few transportation constraints because its inputs and outputs are lightweight, high-value, widely available, or electronic

Alfred Weber’s theory that firms locate where the combined costs of transportation, labor, and agglomeration are lowest

Weber’s model of two resource locations and one market used to find the factory site with the lowest transportation cost

Localized materials occur only in particular places and exert a strong locational pull; ubiquitous materials are widely available and exert little pull