AP®︎ Human Geography: Topic 5.8 Flashcards

Economic model in which transportation costs, market distance, and land rent produce zones of agricultural land use around a central market

The surplus an agricultural activity can pay for land after production and transportation costs; it generally declines with distance from the market

Land users compete by offering rent, so the activity able to bid the most at a location is expected to occupy it

Von Thünen's hypothetical region with one market, uniform land and environment, equal transportation in all directions, and rational farmers maximizing returns

The innermost ring, where perishable, intensive, high-return products can reach the market quickly and afford high land rents

The second ring, located near the market because wood was heavy, bulky, and costly to transport in von Thünen's time

The third ring, where durable crops needing more land and yielding less per unit of land can remain profitable farther from the market

The outermost productive ring, where ranchers use large areas of inexpensive land and historically drive animals to market on the hoof

A graph of rent against market distance in which the highest bid-rent line identifies land use and line intersections mark zone boundaries

Intensive agriculture uses high inputs and often produces high value per unit of land, while extensive agriculture uses more land with lower inputs and output per unit; the model places intensive uses closer to markets

Site factors are a location's physical conditions; situation factors are its position relative to markets and transportation routes

Agricultural production concentrated where particular environmental or other local conditions favor it, often disrupting von Thünen's predicted rings