AP®︎ Human Geography: Topic 4.9 Flashcards

A state's authority to govern its territory and population, control domestic and foreign policy, and act without subordination to another political authority

The transfer of political authority from a central government to regional or local governments

A subnational region that governs some internal affairs but remains part of its sovereign state

The withdrawal of a region from an existing state to form an independent state or join another state

The division of a state's territory into separate political units, typically producing two or more sovereign states

The breakup of an existing state into multiple independent sovereign states

The transition toward broader political participation, competitive elections, civil liberties, and public accountability

The organization or pooling of political and economic authority above individual states through common institutions, rules, or obligations

A problem that crosses political boundaries or cannot be managed effectively by one state acting alone

Cost savings, greater efficiency, or increased bargaining power gained by operating at a larger scale

An agreement that reduces trade barriers and establishes common rules for commerce among participating states

An agreement through which states coordinate defense, pool military capabilities, and commit to mutual security

A global organization established in 1945 for diplomacy, security, humanitarian work, and international cooperation whose norms and collective measures can constrain states

A military alliance founded in 1949 that coordinates defense around the principle that an attack on one member is an attack on all

A highly integrated political and economic organization with a single market and institutions that can make binding rules in designated policy areas

A regional organization promoting economic cooperation, political consultation, and stability in Southeast Asia through consensus and noninterference

A consensus-based forum of the eight Arctic states and Indigenous permanent participants addressing environmental protection, science, and sustainable development

A continental organization promoting African political and economic cooperation, integration, diplomacy, peace, and security