AP®︎ Human Geography: Topic 6.10 Flashcards

The spatial separation of racial, ethnic, income, religious, or other population groups into different neighborhoods

De jure segregation is imposed or supported by law or official policy; de facto segregation exists in practice without a current law explicitly requiring it

Denying or restricting mortgages, insurance, investment, or services to neighborhoods judged undesirable, historically often because of racial or ethnic composition

A discriminatory real-estate practice that provokes racial or ethnic fears to induce cheap home sales and profitable resales

The movement of many white residents from central-city neighborhoods, especially diversifying ones, to suburban areas

A U.S. law prohibiting discrimination in housing sales, rentals, and financing on specified grounds, including race

The ability of households to pay for housing, challenged when rents and home prices rise faster than household incomes

Government-owned rental housing intended for households unable to afford market-rate housing

A mismatch between the locations of workers and suitable jobs, often intensified by inadequate or unaffordable transportation

An area whose residents have limited convenient access to affordable, nutritious food, especially full-service grocery stores

The withdrawal or reduction of households, businesses, lenders, capital, or public resources from a place

An urban area where undesirable conditions such as pollution, hazards, noise, or inadequate services are concentrated

An area where withdrawal by residents, businesses, owners, and institutions has left vacant or deteriorating buildings and lots dominant

The disproportionate exposure of disadvantaged groups to environmental hazards and unequal access to environmental amenities and protections

Environmental inequality linked specifically to racial discrimination or racialized political and economic structures

The rules and arrangements through which people occupy, use, control, rent, or own land

A dispute over rights to occupy, use, control, or own land, often involving residents, governments, or private owners

Granting informal occupants a recognized right or legal title to the land they occupy

A land-use policy requiring or encouraging developers to include below-market-rate or affordable units in new residential developments

Efforts to produce, distribute, and consume food locally through activities such as urban farms, community gardens, and farmers’ markets

Government-directed clearance, rebuilding, or substantial redevelopment of areas considered deteriorated or economically unproductive

Reinvestment and socioeconomic transformation of a lower-income or disinvested neighborhood as higher-income residents and businesses move in

The division of responsibility for urban functions such as transportation, housing, schools, and utilities among separate agencies and institutions

The division of a metropolitan area among multiple states or provinces, counties, municipalities, neighborhood bodies, and special districts

A residential area built without secure legal title to the land, often with self-built housing and limited infrastructure