AP®︎ Human Geography: Topic 5.9 Flashcards

Master key terms and definitions for Topic 5.9 of AP Human Geography – The Global System of Agriculture to help you prep for quizzes and the AP exam.

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Term

Global System of Agriculture

Definition

The worldwide network through which agricultural products are produced, processed, transported, exchanged, and consumed

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Global System of Agriculture
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The worldwide network through which agricultural products are produced, processed, transported, exchanged, and consumed

PSO-5.EPSO-5.E.1
Agricultural Commodity
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A raw material or primary agricultural product that can be bought and sold

PSO-5.EPSO-5.E.1
Export Commodity
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A commodity produced primarily or substantially for sale outside the country where it is grown

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Cash Crop
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An agricultural product grown for sale rather than mainly for direct consumption by its producer

PSO-5.EPSO-5.E.1
Subsistence Crop
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A crop grown mainly for direct consumption by the producer’s household or local community

PSO-5.EPSO-5.E.1
Monoculture
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Cultivation of a single crop over a large area or repeatedly on the same land

PSO-5.EPSO-5.E.2
Spatial Specialization
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The concentration of production in places suited to particular products by their physical and economic conditions

PSO-5.EPSO-5.E.1
Supply Chain / Global Agricultural Supply Chain
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The network of people, firms, activities, infrastructure, and resources moving an agricultural product from its source to its final user, crossing borders when global

PSO-5.EPSO-5.E.1
Commodity Chain
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The connected sequence of stages and locations through which a particular commodity passes from inputs and production to final consumption

PSO-5.EPSO-5.E.1
Value Chain
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A commodity chain emphasizing how economic value is added through successive stages such as processing, packaging, branding, and retailing

PSO-5.EPSO-5.E.1
Food Distribution Network
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Many interconnected supply chains, transportation routes, markets, firms, and institutions that distribute food

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Interdependence
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A condition in which two or more places rely on one another within a shared system

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Export Commodity Dependence / Commodity Dependence
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A national or regional condition in which export earnings rely heavily on one or a few commodities

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Food Import Dependence
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Reliance on food produced in other countries to supply a population

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Economic Diversification
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Expansion into a wider range of crops, products, services, or trading partners to reduce reliance on a single commodity

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Trade Agreement
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An agreement that sets trade rules between participating countries and may reduce barriers to agricultural exchange

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Tariff
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A tax on imported goods that raises their cost and can protect domestic producers

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Import Quota
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A government limit on the quantity of a good that may be imported

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Agricultural Subsidy
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Government support that lowers costs for domestic agricultural producers and affects their competitiveness in trade

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Cold Chain
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The refrigerated system that keeps perishable goods within a safe temperature range during storage and transportation

PSO-5.EPSO-5.E.3