AP®︎ Biology: Topic 2.2 Flashcards

Master key terms and definitions for Topic 2.2 of AP Biology – Cell Size to help you prep for quizzes and the AP exam.

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Term

Surface Area-to-Volume Ratio

Definition

The amount of membrane surface available for exchange relative to internal cell volume.

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Surface Area-to-Volume Ratio
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The amount of membrane surface available for exchange relative to internal cell volume.

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Surface Area and Volume Formulas
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Sphere: SA 4πr², V 4/3πr³; cube: SA 6s², V s³; rectangular solid: SA 2lh+2lw+2wh, V lwh; cylinder: SA 2πr²+2πrl, V πr²l.

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Calculating SA:V Ratio
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Find surface area and volume with the correct formula, then divide surface area by volume.

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Exchange of Materials and SA:V
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Higher ratios allow faster nutrient uptake, waste removal, and chemical exchange across membranes.

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Membrane Folding and SA:V
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Folds increase surface area greatly without much increase in volume.

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Root Hairs
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Thin extensions of root epidermal cells that increase surface area for water and mineral absorption.

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Guard Cells and Stomata
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Paired cells regulate stomatal openings, controlling gas exchange and water loss in leaves.

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Gut Epithelial Cells and Microvilli
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Intestinal lining cells have membrane projections that increase surface area for nutrient absorption.

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Cilia
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Short hairlike cell projections that increase exposed surface and help move materials past cells.

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Heat Exchange and Body Size
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Smaller bodies lose heat faster because they have more surface area relative to volume.

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Metabolic Rate per Unit Body Mass
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Smaller multicellular organisms usually use energy faster per gram than larger organisms.

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Cell Size Limits and Plasma Membrane Exchange
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As cells grow, volume increases faster than membrane area, limiting efficient material exchange.

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