AP®︎ Biology: Topic 2.9 Flashcards

Specialized eukaryotic structures enclosed by membranes that isolate specific metabolic processes and reactions.

Rough ER synthesizes and folds proteins; smooth ER makes lipids, detoxifies, and stores calcium.

Stack of membrane sacs that modifies, sorts, and packages molecules into vesicles.

Acidic membrane-bound sac containing hydrolytic enzymes that digest macromolecules and worn-out cell parts.

Double-membraned organelle that carries out cellular respiration and produces most cellular ATP.

Folds of the inner mitochondrial membrane that increase surface area for ATP-producing reactions.

Membrane-bound organelle that breaks down fatty acids and detoxifies harmful compounds using oxidative enzymes.

Membrane-bound storage compartment for water, ions, nutrients, and wastes; large in many plant cells.

Placement of specific enzymes, receptors, and transport proteins in particular membranes for specialized functions.

Eukaryotes use membrane-bound organelles to separate functions; prokaryotes lack most internal membrane compartments.

Organization of eukaryotic cells into membrane-bound compartments that separate reactions and increase surface area.

Double-membraned organelle with pores that stores DNA and separates transcription from translation.

Double-membraned plant organelle whose internal membranes carry out photosynthesis and increase reaction surface area.