AP®︎ Biology: Topic 5.3 Flashcards

Master key terms and definitions for Topic 5.3 of AP Biology – Mendelian Genetics to help you prep for quizzes and the AP exam.

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Term

Law Of Segregation

Definition

The two alleles for a gene separate during gamete formation, one per gamete.

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Law Of Segregation
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The two alleles for a gene separate during gamete formation, one per gamete.

5.3.A5.3.A.1
Law Of Independent Assortment
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Alleles of different genes assort independently into gametes when the genes are on different chromosomes.

5.3.A5.3.A.1
Haploid And Diploid
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Haploid cells have one chromosome set; diploid cells have two chromosome sets.

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Fertilization
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Fusion of two haploid gametes that restores diploidy and combines parental alleles.

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Punnett Square
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A grid used to predict possible offspring genotypes and phenotypes from parental alleles.

5.3.A5.3.A.2
Test Cross
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Cross an individual showing a dominant phenotype with a homozygous recessive to reveal its genotype.

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Probability Rules In Genetics
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Use addition for mutually exclusive events and multiplication for independent events.

5.3.A5.3.A.2
Pedigree Analysis
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Using family inheritance charts to infer genotypes and identify inheritance patterns.

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Autosomal Inheritance
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Inheritance of a gene located on a non-sex chromosome.

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Sex-Linked Inheritance
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Inheritance of a gene located on a sex chromosome, usually the X chromosome.

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Genetically Linked Genes
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Genes on the same chromosome that tend to be inherited together.

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Genotype And Phenotype
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An organism’s alleles make up its genotype, while its observable traits are its phenotype.

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Homozygous, Heterozygous, Dominant, And Recessive
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Identical or different allele pairs affect whether dominant or recessive traits are expressed.

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Monohybrid Cross
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A one-gene cross that often produces 1:2:1 genotypic and 3:1 phenotypic ratios.

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Dihybrid Cross
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A two-gene cross that can produce a 9:3:3:1 phenotypic ratio.

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Gamete
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A haploid sex cell that carries one allele for each gene.

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Zygote
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A diploid cell formed when two haploid gametes fuse during fertilization.

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