AP®︎ Biology: Topic 6.1 Flashcards

Master key terms and definitions for Topic 6.1 of AP Biology – DNA and RNA Structure to help you prep for quizzes and the AP exam.

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Term

DNA and RNA as Hereditary Material

Definition

DNA stores hereditary information; some organisms and viruses use RNA instead.

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DNA and RNA as Hereditary Material
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DNA stores hereditary information; some organisms and viruses use RNA instead.

6.1.A6.1.A.1
Chromosomes in Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes
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Prokaryotes usually have one circular chromosome; eukaryotes usually have multiple linear chromosomes.

6.1.A6.1.A.1
Histones and Associated Proteins
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Proteins that package and condense eukaryotic DNA into organized chromosomes.

6.1.A6.1.A.1
Plasmids
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Small extra-chromosomal circular DNA molecules found in prokaryotes and some eukaryotes.

6.1.A6.1.A.2
Complementary Base Pairing
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Nitrogenous bases pair specifically: A with T or U, and G with C.

6.1.B6.1.B.1
Purines vs. Pyrimidines
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Purines, A and G, have two rings; pyrimidines, C, T, and U, have one.

6.1.B6.1.B.1
Sugar-Phosphate Backbone
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Alternating sugar and phosphate groups form the structural sides of a nucleic acid strand.

6.1.B
Base Sequence
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The order of nucleotides along a strand that encodes genetic information.

6.1.B
DNA and RNA Structure
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DNA is double-stranded with A, T, G, C; RNA is single-stranded with A, U, G, C.

6.1.B
Nucleotide
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A nucleic acid monomer made of a sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base.

6.1.B