AP®︎ Biology: Topic 7.1 Flashcards

Change in a population's genetic makeup across generations.

Process in which heritable traits that improve survival or reproduction become more common.

Species change over time from common ancestors as favorable heritable traits spread.

Struggle among organisms for scarce food, space, mates, or other necessities.

An observable trait that increases survival or reproductive success in a given environment.

A heritable trait that increases fitness in a specific environment.

Living environmental influences such as predators, competitors, parasites, disease, and food sources.

Nonliving environmental influences such as temperature, rainfall, pH, light, and geography.

Changes in biotic or abiotic conditions that alter which traits are favored.

Directional favors one extreme, stabilizing favors intermediates, disruptive favors both extremes.

Selection can reduce, maintain, or increase variation depending on which traits are favored.

Galapagos birds whose beak differences reflect adaptation to different food sources.

Genetic differences among individuals that can be passed from parents to offspring.

Individuals with favorable phenotypes leave more surviving, reproducing offspring than others.

An environmental factor that favors some phenotypes over others in a population.

The number of viable offspring an organism produces relative to others.