AP®︎ Biology: Topic 2.1 Flashcards

Master key terms and definitions for Topic 2.1 of AP Biology – Cell Structure and Function to help you prep for quizzes and the AP exam.

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Term

Plasma Membrane

Definition

A selectively permeable phospholipid bilayer that surrounds the cell and regulates transport.

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Plasma Membrane
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A selectively permeable phospholipid bilayer that surrounds the cell and regulates transport.

2.1.A2.1.A.2
Nucleus and Nuclear Envelope
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The DNA-containing control center enclosed by a double membrane with pores continuous with the ER.

2.1.A2.1.A.2
Ribosomes
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Nonmembranous rRNA-protein complexes that translate mRNA sequences into polypeptides.

2.1.A2.1.A.1
Free vs. Bound Ribosomes
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Free make cytosolic proteins; bound on rough ER make secreted or membrane proteins.

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Endomembrane System
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A network of membranes that modifies, packages, and transports proteins, lipids, and polysaccharides.

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Transport Vesicles
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Small membrane sacs that move materials between organelles in the endomembrane system.

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Golgi Apparatus
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A stack of flattened sacs that modifies, sorts, folds, and packages cellular products.

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Mitochondria
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Double-membraned organelles that carry out aerobic respiration and produce most cellular ATP.

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Lysosomes
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Membrane-bound sacs of hydrolytic enzymes that digest materials and recycle cell components.

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Chloroplasts
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Double-membraned organelles in plants and algae where photosynthesis converts light energy to chemical energy.

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Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells
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Prokaryotes lack membrane-bound organelles and a nucleus; eukaryotes contain both.

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Plant vs. Animal Cells
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Plant cells have cell walls and chloroplasts; animal cells lack them and typically have centrioles.

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Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough and Smooth)
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A membrane network that supports cell shape, transports materials, and synthesizes proteins or lipids.

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Vacuoles
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Membrane-bound sacs that store materials; plant central vacuoles maintain turgor pressure.

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