AP®︎ Biology: Topic 4.4 Flashcards

Maintenance of a relatively stable internal environment despite internal or external changes.

Regulatory loops in which a system's output influences its own activity.

A response that counteracts a change and returns conditions toward a set point.

A response that amplifies a change and moves conditions farther from a set point.

The target value or normal range a regulated condition tends to return to.

Insulin lowers blood sugar by promoting storage; glucagon raises it by stimulating glycogen breakdown.

Cervical stretching triggers oxytocin release, which intensifies contractions until birth ends the loop.

A hormone that stimulates uterine contractions and milk release during positive feedback responses.

Suckling stimulates hormone release, increasing milk production and release until nursing stops.

Ethylene from ripening fruit stimulates nearby fruits to ripen and release more ethylene.

Regulation occurs through molecule interactions, cell responses, and coordinated whole-body system changes.

Pancreatic hormones that lower or raise blood glucose to maintain homeostasis.

A disorder in which insulin production or response fails, disrupting blood glucose homeostasis.

One amplifies change, while the other reverses change to restore a set point.