AP®︎ Biology: Topic 2.3 Flashcards

Master key terms and definitions for Topic 2.3 of AP Biology – Plasma Membrane to help you prep for quizzes and the AP exam.

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Term

Phospholipid Bilayer

Definition

Two layers of amphipathic phospholipids with heads outward and tails inward.

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Phospholipid Bilayer
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Two layers of amphipathic phospholipids with heads outward and tails inward.

2.3.A2.3.A.1
Integral and Peripheral Proteins
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Integral proteins penetrate the bilayer; peripheral proteins attach loosely to the membrane surface.

2.3.A2.3.A.2
Cholesterol
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A steroid in animal membranes that stabilizes the bilayer and buffers fluidity changes.

2.3.B2.3.B.1
Fluid Mosaic Model
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A membrane model describing a fluid phospholipid bilayer with mobile, diverse embedded components.

2.3.B2.3.B.1
Factors Affecting Membrane Fluidity
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Higher temperature and unsaturated tails increase fluidity; cholesterol buffers fluidity across temperatures.

2.3.B2.3.B.1
Selective Permeability
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Allowing some substances to cross easily while restricting others based on size and polarity.

2.3.A
Transport Proteins
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Channel, carrier, and pump proteins move specific substances across the membrane.

2.3.A2.3.A.2
Amphipathic Phospholipids
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Phospholipids have hydrophilic phosphate heads and hydrophobic fatty acid tails.

2.3.A2.3.A.1
Membrane Proteins
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Embedded or attached proteins have hydrophobic regions in the bilayer and hydrophilic regions exposed to water.

2.3.A2.3.A.2
Glycoproteins, Glycolipids, and Glycocalyx
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Carbohydrate-tagged membrane molecules form an outer coat used for recognition, adhesion, and protection.

2.3.B2.3.B.1
Unsaturated Fatty Acids
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Fatty acid tails with double bonds create kinks that increase membrane fluidity.

2.3.B
Saturated Fatty Acids
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Straight fatty acid tails pack tightly together and decrease membrane fluidity.

2.3.B