AP®︎ Biology: Topic 3.5 Flashcards
Master key terms and definitions for Topic 3.5 of AP Biology – Cellular Respiration to help you prep for quizzes and the AP exam.
Cellular Respiration
Process that breaks down organic molecules to make ATP through enzyme-catalyzed energy transfer.
Process that breaks down organic molecules to make ATP through enzyme-catalyzed energy transfer.
Aerobic uses oxygen and yields much more ATP; fermentation regenerates NAD+ without oxygen and yields 2 ATP.
Double-membraned organelle where pyruvate oxidation, the Krebs cycle, and oxidative phosphorylation occur in eukaryotes.
Highly folded membrane containing the ETC and ATP synthase; folds increase surface area for ATP production.
Innermost compartment of the mitochondrion where pyruvate oxidation and the Krebs cycle occur.
Compartment between mitochondrial membranes where protons accumulate during electron transport.
Cytoplasmic pathway that splits glucose into two pyruvate, producing net 2 ATP and 2 NADH.
Conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA in mitochondria, releasing CO2 and producing NADH.
Matrix pathway that oxidizes acetyl CoA, releasing CO2 and producing ATP, NADH, and FADH2.
Electron carrier that accepts high-energy electrons and hydrogen, then delivers them to the ETC.
Electron carrier reduced during the Krebs cycle that transfers electrons to the ETC.
Series of membrane proteins that pass electrons through redox reactions and pump protons across a membrane.
Difference in H+ concentration and charge across a membrane created by electron transport.
Diffusion of protons through ATP synthase down their gradient, driving ATP formation.
Membrane enzyme that uses proton flow to phosphorylate ADP into ATP.
ATP production powered by chemiosmosis and linked to electron transport in aerobic respiration.
The matrix has lower H+ concentration and higher pH than the intermembrane space.
Direct enzymatic transfer of a phosphate group to ADP to form ATP.
Anaerobic pathway that reduces pyruvate to lactate and regenerates NAD+ for glycolysis.
Anaerobic pathway that converts pyruvate to ethanol and CO2 while regenerating NAD+.
When proton gradient energy is released as heat instead of being used to make ATP.
In prokaryotes, electron transport and proton pumping occur across the plasma membrane.
Final molecule that receives electrons; in aerobic respiration, oxygen forms water.
Two-carbon molecule formed from pyruvate that enters the Krebs cycle.
