AP®︎ Biology: Topic 2.7 Flashcards

Master key terms and definitions for Topic 2.7 of AP Biology – Tonicity and Osmoregulation to help you prep for quizzes and the AP exam.

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Term

Tonicity

Definition

The relative solute concentration of one solution compared with another across a membrane.

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Tonicity
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The relative solute concentration of one solution compared with another across a membrane.

2.7.A2.7.A.1
Hypotonic, Hypertonic, and Isotonic
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Hypotonic has lower solute, hypertonic has higher solute, and isotonic has equal solute relative to another solution.

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Osmosis
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The passive diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane from higher to lower water potential.

2.7.A2.7.A.1
Solute Potential
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The effect of dissolved solutes on water potential; it is always zero or negative.

2.7.B2.7.B.2
Solute Potential Equation
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Solute potential equals negative iCRT: Ψs = -iCRT.

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Osmolarity
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The total concentration of dissolved solute particles in a solution.

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Concentration Gradient
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A difference in substance concentration across space that drives net movement from high to low concentration.

2.7.A
Osmoregulation
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The control of internal water balance and solute concentration to maintain homeostasis.

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Contractile Vacuole
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An organelle in many freshwater protists that pumps out excess water entering by osmosis.

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Central Vacuole
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A large plant cell organelle that stores water and helps maintain turgor pressure.

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Plasmolysis
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The shrinking of a plant cell's membrane away from the wall after water loss.

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Lysis and Crenation
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Lysis is bursting from water gain; crenation is shrinking from water loss in animal cells.

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Water Potential
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The potential energy of water, equal to pressure potential plus solute potential.

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Pressure Potential and Turgor Pressure
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Physical pressure raises water potential; in plants, this pressure against the wall is turgor.

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Water Potential Gradient
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Water moves from areas of higher water potential to lower water potential.

2.7.A2.7.A.1