AP®︎ Biology: Topic 4.3 Flashcards

Conversion of an external signal into specific intracellular responses through a signaling pathway.

Include changes in gene expression, cell function, phenotype, or programmed cell death.

Programmed cell death triggered when cells are damaged, unnecessary, or signaled to self-destruct.

Microbial communication using secreted signals to coordinate gene expression by population density.

A hormone signal that triggers liver cells to convert glycogen into glucose.

Signaling proteins that regulate gene expression, cell replication, and immune cell division.

Chemical signals that bind receptors and activate genes required for yeast mating.

A plant hormone gas that triggers enzyme production and fruit ripening responses.

Developmental regulatory genes that specify body regions and organize animal body plans.

Changes in receptors or pathway proteins can weaken, block, or overactivate downstream responses.

Specific structural regions whose alteration can change ligand binding or signal transmission.

Molecules that bind pathway components and either stimulate or block signal transduction.

Signals can change gene expression or alter cell activities such as metabolism, movement, or shape.

Detection of a signaling molecule when it binds to a specific receptor protein.

A signaling molecule that binds specifically to a receptor and starts a response.