AP®︎ Biology: Topic 3.4 Flashcards

Process that uses light, CO2, and H2O to produce carbohydrates and O2.

6CO2 + 6H2O + light energy -> C6H12O6 + 6O2.

Organelle where photosynthesis occurs, containing stroma and thylakoid membranes.

Fluid inside the inner chloroplast membrane where the Calvin cycle occurs.

Flattened membrane sacs stacked into grana where the light reactions occur.

Stroma reactions that use ATP and NADPH to fix CO2 into carbohydrates.

Primary photosynthetic pigment that absorbs light and excites electrons.

Series of thylakoid membrane carriers that pass electrons from PSII to PSI.

Electron carrier pair where NADP+ gains electrons and becomes high-energy NADPH.

Higher H+ concentration inside thylakoids than in the stroma after electron transport.

Incorporation of inorganic CO2 into organic molecules during the Calvin cycle.

Earliest form of this process, first evolving in bacteria before eukaryotes.

Photosynthetic prokaryotes whose oxygen production helped create Earth's oxygen-rich atmosphere.

Idea that chloroplasts evolved from engulfed photosynthetic cyanobacteria in early eukaryotes.

Thylakoid reactions that use light energy to produce ATP and NADPH.

Thylakoid complexes that absorb light, excite electrons, and replace PSII electrons using water.

Membrane protein that uses proton flow to make ATP during the light reactions.