AP®︎ Biology: Topic 8.6 Flashcards

Master key terms and definitions for Topic 8.6 of AP Biology – Biodiversity to help you prep for quizzes and the AP exam.

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Term

Biodiversity

Definition

The variety of life in an ecosystem, including genetic and species differences.

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Biodiversity
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The variety of life in an ecosystem, including genetic and species differences.

8.6.A
Genetic Diversity
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Variation in alleles among individuals of the same species within a population.

8.6.A
Species Diversity
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The variety and relative abundance of different species in an ecosystem.

8.6.A
Low Biodiversity and Reduced Resilience
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Ecosystems with few species or little variation are less able to resist and recover from change.

8.6.A8.6.A.1
Functional Redundancy
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Multiple species perform similar ecological roles, providing backup if one declines.

8.6.A8.6.A.1
Keystone Species
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A species with a disproportionately large effect on ecosystem structure relative to its abundance.

8.6.B8.6.B.1
Keystone Species Removal and Ecosystem Collapse
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Removing a disproportionately influential species can trigger trophic changes and community breakdown.

8.6.B8.6.B.1
Producers
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Autotrophs that convert light or chemical energy into organic molecules for the food web.

8.6.A8.6.A.2
Abiotic and Biotic Factors
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Nonliving conditions and living interactions that shape which organisms can survive in an ecosystem.

8.6.A8.6.A.2
Short-Term Effects of Adding or Removing Ecosystem Components
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Immediate changes include altered population sizes, resources, competition, and species interactions.

8.6.B
Long-Term Effects of Adding or Removing Ecosystem Components
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Over time, adaptation, reorganization, and new stable community structures may develop.

8.6.B
Trophic Cascade
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A chain reaction across feeding levels caused by changes in predator or prey populations.

8.6.B8.6.B.1
Ecosystem Resistance and Resilience
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The abilities of an ecosystem to withstand disturbance and recover after environmental change.

8.6.A