AP®︎ Biology: Topic 6.8 Flashcards

Master key terms and definitions for Topic 6.8 of AP Biology – Biotechnology to help you prep for quizzes and the AP exam.

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Term

Biotechnology

Definition

The use of living systems or cells to develop useful products and technologies.

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Biotechnology
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The use of living systems or cells to develop useful products and technologies.

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Recombinant DNA
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DNA formed by joining genetic material from different sources into one molecule.

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Gene Cloning
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Isolating a DNA fragment and making many identical copies, often using a vector.

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Polymerase Chain Reaction
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Amplifies specific DNA sequences through repeated denaturation, primer annealing, and extension cycles.

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Gel Electrophoresis
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Separates DNA fragments by size and charge as they move through a gel.

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Bacterial Transformation
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The introduction of foreign DNA into bacterial cells for replication or expression.

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DNA Sequencing
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Determining the exact order of nucleotides in a DNA molecule.

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DNA Fingerprinting
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A unique banding pattern used to compare DNA samples from different individuals or organisms.

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Genetically Modified Organisms
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Organisms whose genetic material has been altered using biotechnology rather than natural reproduction.

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Transgenic Animals
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Animals engineered to contain and express genes from another species.

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Forensic Identification Using DNA
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Comparing DNA samples to identify individuals from biological evidence.

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Phylogenetic Analysis Using DNA
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Comparing DNA sequences to infer evolutionary relationships among organisms.

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