AP®︎ Biology: Topic 2.8 Flashcards

Master key terms and definitions for Topic 2.8 of AP Biology – Mechanisms of Transport to help you prep for quizzes and the AP exam.

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Term

Active Transport

Definition

Movement of substances across a membrane against their concentration gradient using ATP.

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Active Transport
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Movement of substances across a membrane against their concentration gradient using ATP.

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ATP Hydrolysis in Active Transport
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ATP is split into ADP and phosphate, releasing energy that powers membrane pumps.

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Membrane Proteins in Active Transport
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Selective transmembrane proteins bind specific solutes and change shape to move them across membranes.

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ATPase
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An enzyme that hydrolyzes ATP to provide energy for cellular processes such as ion pumping.

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Electrochemical Gradient
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A combined difference in ion concentration and electrical charge across a membrane.

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Membrane Potential
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The voltage difference across a membrane caused by unequal ion distribution on each side.

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Na+/K+ Pump / Na+/K+-ATPase
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An ATP-powered membrane protein that pumps 3 Na+ out and 2 K+ in, helping maintain membrane potential.

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