AP®︎ Biology: Topic 2.5 Flashcards

Master key terms and definitions for Topic 2.5 of AP Biology – Membrane Transport to help you prep for quizzes and the AP exam.

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Term

Selective Permeability

Definition

Membrane property that allows some substances to cross more easily than others.

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Selective Permeability
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Membrane property that allows some substances to cross more easily than others.

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Concentration Gradient
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A difference in a substance's concentration across space or across a membrane.

2.5.A2.5.A.1
Osmosis
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Diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane toward the side with higher solute concentration.

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Passive Transport
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Net movement of substances down their concentration gradient without direct energy input.

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Active Transport
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Movement of substances across a membrane using energy, often against their concentration gradient.

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Transport Proteins
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Membrane proteins that move specific substances across the bilayer through channels, carriers, or pumps.

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Aquaporins
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Channel proteins that allow rapid movement of water across cell membranes.

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Sodium-Potassium Pump
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ATP-powered membrane pump that exports Na+ and imports K+ against their gradients.

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Membrane Permeability by Molecule Type
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Small nonpolar cross freely; water crosses slowly or via aquaporins; large polar molecules and ions need proteins.

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Cell Wall and Membrane Transport
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Rigid outer layer that provides support and filtering, while the plasma membrane remains the selective barrier.

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Diffusion
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Passive movement of molecules from high to low concentration, directly or through transport proteins.

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Endocytosis and Exocytosis
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Energy-requiring vesicle transport moves materials into cells by endocytosis and out by exocytosis.

2.5.B2.5.B.1
Tonicity
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The relative solute concentration that determines water movement across a selectively permeable membrane.

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