AP®︎ Biology: Topic 1.6 Flashcards

Master key terms and definitions for Topic 1.6 of AP Biology – Nucleic Acids to help you prep for quizzes and the AP exam.

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Term

Nucleic Acids

Definition

Polymers of nucleotides that store and transmit hereditary information as DNA or RNA.

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Nucleic Acids
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Polymers of nucleotides that store and transmit hereditary information as DNA or RNA.

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Nucleotide
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A monomer made of a five-carbon sugar, phosphate group, and nitrogenous base.

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DNA and RNA
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DNA usually has deoxyribose, thymine, and two strands; RNA usually has ribose, uracil, and one strand.

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Nitrogenous Bases
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Adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine, and uracil are the base components of nucleotides.

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Purines and Pyrimidines
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Purines are adenine and guanine; pyrimidines are cytosine, thymine, and uracil.

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Sugar-Phosphate Backbone
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Alternating sugars and phosphates form the covalently bonded outer framework of a nucleic acid strand.

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5 Prime and 3 Prime Ends
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Strand direction is defined by a 5' phosphate end and a 3' hydroxyl end.

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Phosphodiester Bond Formation
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Adjacent nucleotides are joined by covalent bonds when new nucleotides are added to the 3' end.

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Antiparallel Double Helix
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Two DNA strands run in opposite 5' to 3' directions and twist around each other.

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Complementary Base Pairing
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A pairs with T in DNA or U in RNA, and C pairs with G.

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Hydrogen Bonds in Base Pairs
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A-T and A-U form two hydrogen bonds, while C-G forms three hydrogen bonds.

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Chargaff's Rule
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In double-stranded DNA, the amount of adenine equals thymine and guanine equals cytosine.

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Gene
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A DNA sequence that contains instructions for making a specific protein or functional product.

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Types of RNA
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mRNA carries coding information, tRNA brings amino acids, and rRNA forms part of ribosomes.

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Functions of DNA and RNA
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DNA stores hereditary information, while RNA helps transmit and express that information.

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