AP®︎ Biology: Topic 5.5 Flashcards

Master key terms and definitions for Topic 5.5 of AP Biology – Environmental Effects on Phenotype to help you prep for quizzes and the AP exam.

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Term

Environmental Factors That Influence Gene Expression

Definition

Temperature, light, nutrition, hormones, chemicals, and social cues can activate or silence genes.

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Environmental Factors That Influence Gene Expression
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Temperature, light, nutrition, hormones, chemicals, and social cues can activate or silence genes.

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Human Height and Weight
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Nutrition and lifestyle affect growth and body mass, modifying genetically influenced trait expression.

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Flower Color and Soil pH
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Soil acidity or alkalinity changes pigment-related chemistry, producing different flower colors.

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Seasonal Fur Color in Arctic Animals
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Seasonal cues such as day length trigger coat color changes without altering genotype.

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Temperature-Dependent Sex Determination
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Incubation temperature determines sex in some reptiles instead of sex chromosomes.

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UV Exposure and Melanin Production
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Increased ultraviolet radiation stimulates melanin synthesis, causing darker skin pigmentation.

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Pheromone Production in Yeast and Other Fungi
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Detection of the opposite mating type activates genes for pheromone production.

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Phenotypic Plasticity
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Environmental conditions alter gene expression, allowing one genotype to produce different phenotypes.

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