AP®︎ Biology: Topic 1.3 Flashcards

Master key terms and definitions for Topic 1.3 of AP Biology – Introduction to Macromolecules to help you prep for quizzes and the AP exam.

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Term

Dehydration Synthesis / Condensation Reaction

Definition

Joins monomers by removing H and OH to form water and a covalent bond.

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Dehydration Synthesis / Condensation Reaction
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Joins monomers by removing H and OH to form water and a covalent bond.

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Hydrolysis
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Breaks covalent bonds by adding water, splitting polymers into smaller molecules or monomers.

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Covalent Bond
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A chemical bond formed when atoms share one or more pairs of electrons.

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Lipids
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Hydrophobic molecules such as fats and phospholipids that usually are not true polymers.

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Structure Determines Function
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A molecule's shape and bonding pattern determine what it can do in cells.

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Monomer, Polymer, and Polymerization
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Small subunits covalently join to form large molecules through repeated bonding reactions.

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Carbohydrates, Monosaccharides, and Polysaccharides
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Sugars and their polymers function in energy storage and structural support.

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Proteins, Amino Acids, and Polypeptides
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Amino acid monomers link by peptide bonds to form functional protein polymers.

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Nucleic Acids, Nucleotides, and Polynucleotides
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Nucleotide monomers bond together to form DNA or RNA that stores information.

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