AP®︎ Biology: Topic 6.3 Flashcards

Master key terms and definitions for Topic 6.3 of AP Biology – Transcription and RNA Processing to help you prep for quizzes and the AP exam.

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Term

Transcription

Definition

Synthesis of an RNA molecule from a DNA template by RNA polymerase.

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Transcription
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Synthesis of an RNA molecule from a DNA template by RNA polymerase.

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RNA Polymerase
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Enzyme that reads template DNA and builds complementary RNA in the 5' to 3' direction.

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Promoter
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Specific DNA sequence where RNA polymerase binds to begin transcription.

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Template Strand / Noncoding Strand / Antisense Strand
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DNA strand read during transcription to make complementary RNA; read 3' to 5'.

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RNA Structure and Function
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An RNA molecule's base sequence and shape determine what role it performs.

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mRNA
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Carries genetic information copied from DNA to ribosomes for protein synthesis.

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tRNA
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Transfers specific amino acids to the ribosome using anticodons that pair with mRNA codons.

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rRNA
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Forms the structural and functional core of ribosomes.

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Codon and Anticodon
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A codon is a three-base mRNA sequence; an anticodon is the complementary tRNA sequence.

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5' Cap / GTP Cap
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Modified guanine added to the 5' end of eukaryotic mRNA for ribosome recognition and stability.

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Poly-A Tail
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String of adenines added to the 3' end of eukaryotic mRNA that increases stability.

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Alternative Splicing
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Different exon combinations from one transcript produce multiple mature mRNAs from one gene.

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Primary RNA Transcript and RNA Processing
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Initial eukaryotic RNA is enzymatically modified into mature mRNA before translation.

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RNA Splicing: Introns and Exons
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Introns are removed and exons are joined to form mature eukaryotic mRNA.

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