AP®︎ Biology: Topic 2.10 Flashcards

Division of a cell into specialized regions, often separated by internal membranes.

Prokaryotes lack membrane-bound organelles; eukaryotes use internal membranes to separate specialized functions.

Internal structures enclosed by membranes that isolate specific cellular processes and conditions.

Evolutionary process in which one free-living prokaryote began living inside another cell permanently.

Mitochondria and chloroplasts have double membranes, circular DNA, and prokaryote-like ribosomes.

Double-membraned organelle that stores DNA and separates transcription from translation.

Protein-lined openings in the nuclear envelope that regulate movement between nucleus and cytoplasm.

Stack of membranous sacs that modifies, sorts, and packages cell products into vesicles.

Acidic membrane-bound sacs containing digestive enzymes that break down waste and old organelles.

Membrane-bound organelles that break down fatty acids and detoxify harmful compounds using oxidative enzymes.

Membrane-bound storage compartments for water, nutrients, wastes, and other materials.

Organelles maintain distinct pH and ion conditions so specific enzymes work optimally.

Internal folding and extra membranes provide more space for enzymes and transport proteins.

Different reactions occur in different compartments, preventing interference between incompatible activities.

Specific membranes contain particular enzymes, receptors, and transport proteins matched to their functions.

Non-membrane-bound areas in prokaryotes perform specific functions despite lacking true organelles.

RNA is translated while it is still being transcribed because no nucleus separates the processes.

Membrane network with rough regions for proteins and smooth regions for lipids and detoxification.

Double-membraned organelle whose folded inner membrane increases surface area for ATP production.

Photosynthetic organelle with double membranes, circular DNA, and bacterial-like ribosomes.