AP®︎ Biology: Topic 7.3 Flashcards

Master key terms and definitions for Topic 7.3 of AP Biology – Artificial Selection to help you prep for quizzes and the AP exam.

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Term

Artificial Selection vs. Natural Selection

Definition

Human preferences drive one; environmental pressures drive the other, though both change allele frequencies.

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Artificial Selection vs. Natural Selection
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Human preferences drive one; environmental pressures drive the other, though both change allele frequencies.

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Selection Pressure
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A factor that causes some traits to be favored and reproduced more than others.

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Genetic Variation in Artificial Selection
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Breeding for a few traits often narrows the range of alleles within a population.

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Genetic Bottleneck from Selective Breeding
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A loss of diversity caused when only a small subset of individuals contributes genes.

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Domestication
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The long-term human shaping of species through repeated selection for useful or preferred traits.

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Rapid Change Under Artificial Selection
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Noticeable trait shifts can occur in few generations because humans control mating consistently.

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Trade-Offs of Artificial Selection
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Selected traits may increase usefulness while also causing health, fertility, or disease-susceptibility problems.

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Dependence on Humans
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Some domesticated populations become unable to survive or reproduce effectively without human assistance.

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Dog Breeding from Wolves
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Many dog breeds arose by repeatedly selecting wolf descendants for size, behavior, and body traits.

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Crop Domestication Examples
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Teosinte to maize, wild mustard to brassicas, and wild watermelon to larger sweeter forms.

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Artificial Selection (Selective Breeding)
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Human-directed breeding that makes chosen inherited traits more common in a population.

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