AP®︎ Biology Flashcards

Master key terms and definitions for every unit and topic to help you prep for quizzes and the AP exam. Select a unit or topic to begin.

Unit 1: Chemistry of Life

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Topic 1.1
Structure of Water and Hydrogen Bonding

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Topic 1.2
Elements of Life

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Topic 1.3
Introduction to Macromolecules

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Topic 1.4
Carbohydrates

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Topic 1.5
Lipids

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Topic 1.6
Nucleic Acids

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Topic 1.7
Proteins

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Unit 2: Cell Structure and Function

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Topic 2.1
Cell Structure and Function

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Topic 2.2
Cell Size

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Topic 2.3
Plasma Membrane

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Topic 2.4
Membrane Permeability

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Topic 2.5
Membrane Transport

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Topic 2.6
Facilitated Diffusion

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Topic 2.7
Tonicity and Osmoregulation

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Topic 2.8
Mechanisms of Transport

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Topic 2.9
Cell Compartmentalization

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Topic 2.10
Origins of Cell Compartmentalization

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Unit 3: Cellular Energetics

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Topic 3.1
Enzymes

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Topic 3.2
Environmental Impacts on Enzyme Function

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Topic 3.3
Cellular Energy

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Topic 3.4
Photosynthesis

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Topic 3.5
Cellular Respiration

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Unit 4: Cell Communication and Cell Cycle

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Topic 4.1
Cell Communication

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Topic 4.2
Introduction to Signal Transduction

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Topic 4.3
Signal Transduction Pathways

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Topic 4.4
Feedback

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Topic 4.5
Cell Cycle

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Topic 4.6
Regulation of Cell Cycle

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Unit 5: Heredity

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Topic 5.1
Meiosis

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Topic 5.2
Meiosis and Genetic Diversity

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Topic 5.3
Mendelian Genetics

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Topic 5.4
Non-Mendelian Genetics

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Topic 5.5
Environmental Effects on Phenotype

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Unit 6: Gene Expression and Regulation

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Topic 6.1
DNA and RNA Structure

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Topic 6.2
DNA Replication

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Topic 6.3
Transcription and RNA Processing

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Topic 6.4
Translation

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Topic 6.5
Regulation of Gene Expression

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Topic 6.6
Gene Expression and Cell Specialization

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Topic 6.7
Mutations

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Topic 6.8
Biotechnology

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Unit 7: Natural Selection

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Topic 7.1
Introduction to Natural Selection

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Topic 7.2
Natural Selection

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Topic 7.3
Artificial Selection

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Topic 7.4
Population Genetics

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Topic 7.5
Hardy–Weinberg Equilibrium

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Topic 7.6
Evidence of Evolution

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Topic 7.7
Common Ancestry

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Topic 7.8
Continuing Evolution

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Topic 7.9
Phylogeny

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Topic 7.10
Speciation

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Topic 7.11
Variations in Populations

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Topic 7.12
Origins of Life on Earth

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Unit 8: Ecology

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Topic 8.1
Responses to the Environment

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Topic 8.2
Energy Flow Through Ecosystems

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Topic 8.3
Population Ecology

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Topic 8.4
Effect of Density on Populations

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Topic 8.5
Community Ecology

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Topic 8.6
Biodiversity

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Topic 8.7
Disruptions in Ecosystems

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