AP®︎ Biology: Topic 4.1 Flashcards

The process by which cells detect, send, and respond to information.

Communication that occurs when neighboring cells physically touch and exchange information.

Communication in which cells release signaling molecules that bind to target cells.

Nearby targets respond to local regulators; distant targets respond to signals carried farther, often in blood.

Short-range signaling molecules that affect cells close to the releasing cell.

Immune cells that display antigen fragments on their surface to activate other immune cells.

Immune cells that recognize presented antigens and coordinate other parts of the immune response.

Immune cells that directly contact and destroy infected or abnormal body cells.

Chemical messengers released by neurons that signal across short distances to nearby cells.

Chemical signaling by plant cells that alerts nearby cells to pathogens or herbivore attack.

Bacterial communication using secreted molecules to detect population density and coordinate behavior.

Local signaling molecules that form concentration gradients and guide embryonic development.

Chemical signals released by one cell type that travel long distances to target cells.

A hormone that promotes glucose uptake by body cells and lowers blood sugar.

A hormone that stimulates growth, cell division, and protein synthesis in target tissues.

Hormones that regulate metabolic rate, growth, and development throughout the body.

Sex hormones that regulate reproductive development, function, and secondary sex characteristics.