AP®︎ Biology: Topic 3.2 Flashcards

Master key terms and definitions for Topic 3.2 of AP Biology – Environmental Impacts on Enzyme Function to help you prep for quizzes and the AP exam.

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Term

Denaturation

Definition

Loss of a protein's functional shape caused by disrupted bonds from heat, pH, or chemicals.

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Denaturation
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Loss of a protein's functional shape caused by disrupted bonds from heat, pH, or chemicals.

3.2.A3.2.A.1
Renaturation
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Refolding back into an active shape after denaturing conditions are removed, restoring activity in some cases.

3.2.A3.2.A.2
Optimal Temperature and Temperature Effects on Enzymes
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Low temperatures slow collisions; rising temperatures increase rate until an optimum, then denaturation reduces activity.

3.2.B3.2.B.2
Optimal pH and pH Effects on Enzymes
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Each enzyme works best at a specific pH; deviations disrupt hydrogen bonds and reduce activity.

3.2.A3.2.A.1
Substrate and Product Concentration Effects
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Reaction efficiency depends on relative amounts of reactants and products; more substrate usually speeds forward reactions.

3.2.B3.2.B.1
Competitive vs. Noncompetitive Inhibition
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Competitive inhibitors block the active site, while noncompetitive inhibitors bind elsewhere and change enzyme shape.

3.2.B3.2.B.3