AP®︎ Biology: Topic 1.7 Flashcards

Master key terms and definitions for Topic 1.7 of AP Biology – Proteins to help you prep for quizzes and the AP exam.

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Term

Amino Acid Structure

Definition

A central carbon bonded to an amino group, carboxyl group, hydrogen, and variable R group.

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Amino Acid Structure
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A central carbon bonded to an amino group, carboxyl group, hydrogen, and variable R group.

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R Group Categories
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Nonpolar hydrophobic, polar hydrophilic, and ionic charged side chains with different chemical behaviors.

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Peptide Bond
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A covalent bond linking one amino acid's carboxyl group to another's amino group.

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Polypeptide Chain
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A linear polymer of amino acids connected by peptide bonds.

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Primary Structure
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The specific linear sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide.

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Secondary Structure
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Local folding of the polypeptide backbone into alpha helices and beta pleated sheets by hydrogen bonding.

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Tertiary Structure
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The overall three-dimensional shape of one polypeptide formed by side-chain interactions.

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Tertiary Structure Interactions
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Hydrogen bonds, ionic interactions, hydrophobic interactions, and disulfide bridges stabilize one polypeptide's shape.

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Quaternary Structure
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The association of multiple polypeptide subunits into one functional protein.

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Protein Functions
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Common roles include catalysis, structure, transport, signaling, defense, and movement.

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Disulfide Bridge
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A covalent bond between sulfur-containing side chains that stabilizes a protein's folded shape.

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