AP®︎ Biology: Topic 3.3 Flashcards

Master key terms and definitions for Topic 3.3 of AP Biology – Cellular Energy to help you prep for quizzes and the AP exam.

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Term

First And Second Laws Of Thermodynamics

Definition

Energy is conserved, and every energy transfer increases entropy in the universe.

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First And Second Laws Of Thermodynamics
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Energy is conserved, and every energy transfer increases entropy in the universe.

3.3.A3.3.A.2
Energy Input And Energy Loss In Living Systems
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Cells must gain more usable energy than they lose to maintain order and function.

3.3.A3.3.A.2
Energy Coupling
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Exergonic reactions drive endergonic reactions, often through ATP as an intermediate.

3.3.A3.3.A.2
Exergonic And Endergonic Reactions
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Exergonic reactions release free energy; endergonic reactions require an energy input.

3.3.A3.3.A.2
ATP
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The cell's main energy carrier, storing usable energy in phosphate bonds.

3.3.A
Loss Of Order Or Energy Flow And Death
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Severe disruption of internal organization or energy transfer causes cells and organisms to die.

3.3.A3.3.A.2
Glycolysis
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A conserved pathway that splits glucose into pyruvate and captures energy in ATP and NADH.

3.3.B3.3.B.1
Oxidative Phosphorylation
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ATP production using an electron transport chain and chemiosmosis powered by redox reactions.

3.3.B3.3.B.1
Electron Transport Chain
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A series of membrane proteins that pass electrons and pump protons to build a gradient.

3.3.A
Sequential Metabolic Pathways
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A series of reactions where each product becomes the next reactant, enabling controlled energy transfer.

3.3.A3.3.A.3
Conserved Metabolic Pathways And Common Ancestry
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Shared energy-processing pathways across all domains of life provide evidence of common ancestry.

3.3.B3.3.B.1
Entropy
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A measure of disorder that increases in the universe during energy transfers.

3.3.A3.3.A.2